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Wstęp:
Do czynników rozwoju chorób sercowo-naczyniowych (cardiovascular disease, CVD) zalicza się m.in. podwyższony poziom cholesterolu całkowitego, w tym frakcji LDL, oraz obniżony poziom cholesterolu HDL. Na powyższe wpływa ogólnie pojęty styl życia, w tym nawyki żywieniowe. Zalecenia żywieniowe dotyczące prewencji CVD wskazują na potrzebę ograniczenia spożycia nasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych na rzecz jedno- i wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych oraz zmniejszenie spożycia cholesterolu pokarmowego.

Cel pracy:
Celem pracy jest porównanie wpływu spożycia wybranych tłuszczów na zmiany stężenia cholesterolu całkowitego oraz jego frakcji – LDL i HDL na podstawie analizy dostępnej literatury

Opis stanu wiedzy:
Praktyczne zastosowanie zaleceń będzie przekładało się na zwiększenie spożycia warzyw, owoców oraz produktów pełnoziarnistych, a także ograniczenie tłuszczów pochodzenia zwierzęcego oraz zwiększenie spożycia olejów roślinnych. Pomijane są jednak tłuszcze takie jak olej kokosowy czy palmowy, należące do grupy produktów pochodzenia roślinnego, cechujące się wysoką zawartością SFA. Dostępne doniesienia na temat profilaktycznego wpływu nabiału oraz tłuszczu mlecznego wskazują na możliwą pozytywną zależność pomiędzy spożyciem masła a CVD. Spożycie oliwy z oliwek lub oleju rzepakowego jest skorelowane z poprawą parametrów profilu lipidowego i jest związane z wysoką zawartością kwasów MUFA i PUFA, a także różnorodnością zawartych w niej związków aktywnych.

Podsumowanie:
Duża popularność nowych schematów żywieniowych, opierających się na dietach wysokotłuszczowych, rodzi potrzebę edukacji pacjentów na temat możliwych niekorzystnych konsekwencji tego sposobu żywienia oraz wskazania, jakie tłuszcze będą korzystnie wpływały na zmniejszenie czynników ryzyka CVD.


Introduction:
Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) include, among others, elevated levels of total and LDL cholesterol, as well as reduced levels of HDL fraction, which are connected with a generally understood life style, such as nutritional habits, stimulants and physical activity. Dietary recommendations for CVD prevention indicate the need for limiting the consumption of fatty acids in favor of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, with the reduction of cholesterol derived from diet.

Objective:
The aim of the study is to compare the effect of consumption of selected fats on changes in the concentrations of total cholesterol and its LDL and HDL fractions.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Improved dietary habits should include the consumption of seasonal vegetables and fruits, whole grain products, as well as the limitation of consumption of products of animal origin, in favour of plant-based oils. Unfortunately, these recommendations do not include fats, such as coconut or palm oils, which are sources of SFA, while, and at the same time, they are also vegetables oils. Available reports concerning the preventive effect of dairy products and milk fat indicate a possible positive relationship between butter consumption and CVD. Consumption of olive oil or rapeseed oil is correlated with an improved lipid profile, which is related with a high content of MUFA and PUFA, as well as the diversity of active compounds.

Conclusion:
High popularity of new dietary patterns, based on high-fat diets, contributes to the growing need for patient education concerning possible adverse consequences of these diets. Suggestions about fat choices with the highest impact on the reduction of CVD risk factors are also needed.

Wojda A, Janczy A. Zagrożenie wystąpienia schorzeń sercowo-naczyniowych w aspekcie spożycia nasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych pochodzenia roślinnego i zwierzęcego. Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2021; 27(2): 99–106. doi: 10.26444/monz/133424
 
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