REVIEW PAPER
Impact of gut microbiota on thyroid diseases – do the guts control hormones? A literature review
1
Faculty od Medical Sciences, Medical Unversity of Silesia in Katowice, Polska
2
Clinical Department of General Surgery, John Paul II Municipal Hospital in Rzeszów, Polska
3
Clinical Department of Hematology and Cancer Prevention, Municipal Hospital Group in Chorzów, Polska
Corresponding author
Wiktoria Skowron
Wydział Nauk Medycznych, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach, Katowice, Polska
Wydział Nauk Medycznych, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach, Katowice, Polska
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction and objective:
The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that plays a key role in nutrient metabolism, vitamin synthesis, and the regulation of immune processes. A healthy gut is dominated by bacteria from the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroides. A healthy gut microbiota supports the body’s homeostasis through mutual interactions, but factors such as diet, medications, and stress can lead to dysbiosis, which increases the risk of disease. Current research indicates a link between the gut microbiota and thyroid function, including autoimmune diseases. Changes in the proportion of bacteria and correlations with anti-TPO and anti-TG antibody levels have been observed in numerous studies. The aim of this study is to gather and systematize knowledge about the impact of microbiota on thyroid health, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms through which it influences hormonal function and the development of thyroid diseases
Review methods:
The review was based on a PubMed search using the phrases ‘microbiome and endocrine system’, ‘gutthyroid axis’, ‘gut microbiota and thyroid disease’.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
The composition of the microbiota influences the availability of micronutrients, such as iodine, iron, copper, selenium, zinc, and vitamin D, which support thyroid function. Changes in the composition of the microbiota, leading to disruption of the intestinal barrier, may contribute to the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Supplementation with probiotics may improve microbial balance and support thyroid function.
Summary:
A healthy bacterial flora supports the immune system, and its disorders can lead to autoimmune thyroid diseases. Further clinical studies will allow a more precise assessment of the impact of intestinal microbiota on thyroid function.
The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that plays a key role in nutrient metabolism, vitamin synthesis, and the regulation of immune processes. A healthy gut is dominated by bacteria from the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroides. A healthy gut microbiota supports the body’s homeostasis through mutual interactions, but factors such as diet, medications, and stress can lead to dysbiosis, which increases the risk of disease. Current research indicates a link between the gut microbiota and thyroid function, including autoimmune diseases. Changes in the proportion of bacteria and correlations with anti-TPO and anti-TG antibody levels have been observed in numerous studies. The aim of this study is to gather and systematize knowledge about the impact of microbiota on thyroid health, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms through which it influences hormonal function and the development of thyroid diseases
Review methods:
The review was based on a PubMed search using the phrases ‘microbiome and endocrine system’, ‘gutthyroid axis’, ‘gut microbiota and thyroid disease’.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
The composition of the microbiota influences the availability of micronutrients, such as iodine, iron, copper, selenium, zinc, and vitamin D, which support thyroid function. Changes in the composition of the microbiota, leading to disruption of the intestinal barrier, may contribute to the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Supplementation with probiotics may improve microbial balance and support thyroid function.
Summary:
A healthy bacterial flora supports the immune system, and its disorders can lead to autoimmune thyroid diseases. Further clinical studies will allow a more precise assessment of the impact of intestinal microbiota on thyroid function.
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