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Rycina z artykułu: Wpływ mikrobioty jelitowej...
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
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Wprowadzenie i cel:
Mikrobiota jelitowa to złożony ekosystem mikroorganizmów, który odgrywa kluczową rolę w metabolizmie składników odżywczych, syntezie witamin oraz regulacji procesów immunologicznych. W zdrowym jelicie dominują bakterie z typów Firmicutes i Bacteroides. Prawidłowa mikrobiota jelitowa wspiera homeostazę organizmu poprzez wzajemne interakcje mikroorganizmów, jednak czynniki takie jak dieta, leki czy stres mogą prowadzić do dysbiozy, co zwiększa ryzyko chorób. Współczesne badania wskazują na związek pomiędzy mikrobiotą jelitową a funkcjonowaniem tarczycy, w tym jej chorobami autoimmunologicznymi. W wielu badaniach zaobserwowano zmiany w proporcji bakterii występujących w jelicie oraz korelacje z poziomem przeciwciał anty-TPO i anty-TG. Celem opracowania jest zebranie i usystematyzowanie wiedzy na temat wpływu mikrobioty na zdrowie tarczycy, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem mechanizmów, za sprawą których oddziałuje ona na funkcje hormonalne i rozwój chorób tarczycy.

Metody przeglądu:
Przegląd oparto na wyszukiwaniu publikacji w bazie PubMed, używając do tego fraz „microbiome and endocrine system”, „gut-thyroid axis” oraz „gut microbiota and thyroid disease”.

Opis stanu wiedzy:
Skład mikrobioty wpływa na dostępność mikroelementów, takich jak jod, żelazo, miedź, selen, cynk i witamina D, które wspierają funkcjonowanie tarczycy. Zmiany w składzie mikroflory, prowadzące do zaburzeń bariery jelitowej, mogą przyczyniać się do rozwoju chorób autoimmunologicznych tarczycy. Suplementacja probiotykami może poprawiać równowagę mikrobiologiczną i wspierać funkcję tarczycy.

Podsumowanie:
Prawidłowa flora bakteryjna wspiera układ odpornościowy, a jej zaburzenia mogą prowadzić do chorób autoimmunologicznych tarczycy. Dalsze badania kliniczne pozwolą precyzyjniej ocenić wpływ mikrobioty jelitowej na funkcjonowanie tarczycy.

Introduction and objective:
The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that plays a key role in nutrient metabolism, vitamin synthesis, and the regulation of immune processes. A healthy gut is dominated by bacteria from the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroides. A healthy gut microbiota supports the body’s homeostasis through mutual interactions, but factors such as diet, medications, and stress can lead to dysbiosis, which increases the risk of disease. Current research indicates a link between the gut microbiota and thyroid function, including autoimmune diseases. Changes in the proportion of bacteria and correlations with anti-TPO and anti-TG antibody levels have been observed in numerous studies. The aim of this study is to gather and systematize knowledge about the impact of microbiota on thyroid health, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms through which it influences hormonal function and the development of thyroid diseases

Review methods:
The review was based on a PubMed search using the phrases ‘microbiome and endocrine system’, ‘gutthyroid axis’, ‘gut microbiota and thyroid disease’.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
The composition of the microbiota influences the availability of micronutrients, such as iodine, iron, copper, selenium, zinc, and vitamin D, which support thyroid function. Changes in the composition of the microbiota, leading to disruption of the intestinal barrier, may contribute to the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Supplementation with probiotics may improve microbial balance and support thyroid function.

Summary:
A healthy bacterial flora supports the immune system, and its disorders can lead to autoimmune thyroid diseases. Further clinical studies will allow a more precise assessment of the impact of intestinal microbiota on thyroid function.
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