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PRACA PRZEGLĄDOWA
Stan wiedzy na temat zakażenia wrodzonego CMV wśród kobiet ciężarnych i planujących ciążę
 
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Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego - Państwowy Zakład Higieny
 
 
Autor do korespondencji
Agnieszka Trzcińska   

Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego - Państwowy Zakład Higieny, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warszawa, Polska
 
 
Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2017;23(3):179-184
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Wprowadzenie:
Wirus cytomegalii jest najczęstszą przyczyną zakażeń wrodzonych na świecie. Zakażenie wrodzone CMV dotyczy średnio 0,64% żywych urodzeń na całym świecie, przy czym wartość ta waha się w zależności od badanej populacji od 0,3% do 2,3%. Każdego dnia na świecie rodzi się 2500 dzieci zakażonych CMV, a 1/5 z nich umiera lub rozwija trwałą niepełnosprawność.

Cel pracy:
Przegląd piśmiennictwa dotyczący aktualnego stanu wiedzy wśród kobiet ciężarnych i planujących ciążę na temat zakażenia wrodzonego CMV, jego konsekwencji i możliwości zapobiegania mu.

Skrócony opis stanu wiedzy:
Prowadzone w różnych krajach badania ankietowe ujawniły, że większość badanych kobiet ciężarnych lub planujących ciążę nie jest świadoma konsekwencji, jakie dla płodu może mieć zakażenie CMV. Wysoki jest odsetek kobiet, które nie znały, nie słyszały i nigdy nie czytały nic na temat zakażenia CMV w ciąży. Większość ankietowanych nie potrafiła podać konkretnych objawów związanych z zakażeniem wrodzonym CMV, czynników ryzyka, dróg transmisji i sposobów zapobiegania zakażeniu. Najczęściej jako konsekwencję tego zakażenia podawano opóźnienie umysłowe i utratę słuchu. Wśród zachowań higienicznych, które mogą uchronić przed zakażeniem CMV, kobiety wymieniały przede wszystkim mycie rąk, unikanie kontaktu z moczem i całowania dzieci w usta.

Podsumowanie:
Działania podejmowane w celu zapobiegania temu zakażeniu nadal są niewystarczające i niewspółmierne do konsekwencji, jakie niesie to zakażenie dla kobiet ciężarnych i ich dzieci. Dlatego też bardzo istotne jest podnoszenie poziomu świadomości na temat zakażenia wrodzonego CMV i jego następstw oraz dostępnych możliwości zapobiegania mu nie tylko wśród kobiet planujących ciążę lub będących w ciąży, ale ogółu społeczeństwa.


Introduction:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infections worldwide. Congenital CMV infection concerns an average of 0.64% live births worldwide, the value varies depending on the tested population from 0.3% – 2.3%. Every day in the world 2500 children infected with CMV are born, and 1/5 of them die or develop permanent disability.

Objective:
Review of literature concerning the current state of knowledge about congenital CMV infection, its consequences and possibilities of prevention among pregnant women and planning to become pregnant.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Surveys carried out in various countries revealed that most of the pregnant women or planning to become pregnant are not aware of what consequences for the fetus may have CMV infection. A high percentage of women did not know, never heard and never did not read anything about CMV infection in pregnancy. Most of the respondents could not give specific symptoms associated with congenital CMV infection, risk factors, routes of transmission and ways to prevent infection. Mental retardation and hearing loss were the most frequently indicated consequence of this infection. Among the hygienic behavior, which can prevent infection with CMV women exchanged primarily hand washing, avoiding contact with urine and children kissing on the lips.

Summary:
The measures taken to prevent congenital CMV infection are still inadequate and disproportionate to the consequences posed by this infection for pregnant women and their children. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness of congenital CMV infection and its consequences, and possibilities available to prevent him not only among women planning to become pregnant or pregnant women, but the general public.

 
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