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Wprowadzenie i cel:
Warzywa korzeniowe są niezbędnym elementem zdrowej diety, ale mogą gromadzić metale ciężkie, takie jak kadm (Cd) i ołów (Pb). Województwo śląskie jest jednym z najbardziej zanieczyszczonych regionów w Polsce. W związku z tym pojawiły się obawy dotyczące bezpieczeństwa lokalnie produkowanej żywności ze względu na podwyższone stężenie metali ciężkich w glebach regionu. Celem badania było określenie stężeń toksycznych metali ciężkich (Cd i Pb) w warzywach korzeniowych i ocena potencjalnych zagrożeń dla zdrowia związanych z ich spożywaniem.

Materiał i metody:
Badaniem objęto 114 próbek warzyw korzeniowych (w tym marchwi, korzeni pietruszki i ziemniaków) zebranych jesienią 2025 roku ze źródeł komercyjnych i prywatnych w województwie śląskim. Zawartość Cd i Pb w próbkach oznaczono za pomocą bezpłomieniowego elektrotermicznego spektrometru absorpcji atomowej (ET-AAS). Do analizy statystycznej wykorzystano testy nieparametryczne. Ocenę ryzyka dla zdrowia przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem ilorazu zagrożenia (HQ) i marginesu narażenia (MoE).

Wyniki:
Dopuszczalne stężenie Cd zostało przekroczone w trzydziestu pięciu próbkach, a dopuszczalny poziom Pb w pięciu. Ocena narażenia wykazała, że wartości HQ dla Cd przekroczyły 1 w niektórych próbkach marchwi o wysokim stężeniu (Cd: 1,43). Niskie wartości MoE uzyskane dla Pb, szczególnie w Scenariuszu II, sugerują, że nie można całkowicie wykluczyć potencjalnych zagrożeń dla zdrowia wynikających z obecności kadmu i ołowiu w badanych warzywach.

Wnioski:
Wyniki badań wskazują na konieczność regularne go monitorowania zawartości metali ciężkich w warzywach, szczególnie w tych uprawianych w regionach uprzemysłowionych.

Introduction and objective:
Root vegetables are an essential part of a healthy diet, but they can also accumulate heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The Silesian Province is one of the most polluted areas in Poland; as a result, concerns have been raised about the safety of locally produced food due to elevated concentrations of heavy metals in the region›s soils. The aim of the study is to determine the concentrations of toxic heavy metals (Cd and Pb) in root vegetables and assess the potential health risks associated with their consumption.

Material and methods:
The study included 114 samples of root vegetables (including carrots, parsley roots and potatoes) harvested in autumn 2025 and collected from commercial and private sources in the Silesian Province in south-west Poland. The Cd and Pb content of the samples was determined using a flameless electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer (ET-AAS). Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Health risk assessment was performed using the hazard quotient (HQ) and margin of exposure (MoE).

Results:
The permissible concentration of Cd was exceeded in 35 samples, while the permissible level of Pb was exceeded in samples. The exposure assessment indicated that HQ values for Cd exceeded 1 in some high-concentration carrot samples (Cd: 1.43). The low MoE values obtained for Pb, particularly under Scenario II, suggest that potential health concerns cannot be completely ruled out.

Conclusions:
The study results indicate the need for regular monitoring of heavy metal content in vegetables, especially in industrialized regions.
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