PL EN
REVIEW PAPER
Occurrence of metabolic syndrome in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes – a retrospective epidemiological study
 
More details
Hide details
1
Katedra Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny z Oddziałem Analityki Medycznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie
 
2
Oddział Internistyczno-Kardiologiczny i Regionalny Ośrodek Toksykologiczny, Szpital im. Bożego Jana w Lublinie
 
 
Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2011;17(2):85-89
 
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
For many years, concepts have appeared concerning an independence of diseases concomitant with diabetes, such as arterial hypertension, obesity, lipid disorders or atherosclerosis. There was no doubt, however, that the presence of these disorders in diabetes, to a great degree, deteriorated the prognosis in these patients. Gerald M. Reaven was among the fi rst researchers to make an attempt at explaining this problem. He suggested that the link between type 2 diabetes and increased cardiovascular risk is not hyperglycemia itself, but insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. These two phenomena have become the fundamental elements in the ‘X syndrome’ described by this researcher. The syndrome was later named a metabolic syndrome (MS), its name and criteria of diagnosis being subject to constant evolution which, for many years, did not allow the use of much useful information in clinical practice. In December 1999, in the new classifi cation of diabetes and the principles of its diagnosing, the WHO consultants for the fi rst time offi cially adopted a position on this matter and formulated clear criteria for diagnosing MS. This, however, did not end the dispute concerning the usefulness of MS and the approach to this syndrome. The actual prevalence of MS in the total population and among patients with type 2 diabetes as a group at the highest risk still remains unclear, and the fi gures quoted diff er considerably according to the criteria applied in its diagnosis. The objective of the study was evaluation of the presence of MS characteristics (according to the WHO) in a large group of hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes, and of the demographic-social image of this group. The results obtained allow the presumption that patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome are subject to other conditionings than patients with sole diabetes. The incidence of metabolic syndrome increases with the duration of diabetes, and also depends on the gender of the patients.

 
REFERENCES (16)
1.
Ran JS, Monraats PS, Zwinderman AH, de Maat MP, Kastelein JJ, Doevendans PA et al. Metabolic syndrome and risk of restenosis in patients undergoing PCI. Diab Care 2005;28(4):873-877.
 
2.
Reaven GM. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 7:1595-1607.
 
3.
Definition, diagnosis and classifi cation of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Report of a WHO Consultation. World Health Organization, Department of Noncommunicable Disease Surveillance. Geneva, 1999 (WHO/NCD/NCS/99.2).
 
4.
Ford ES, Giles WH. A comparison of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using two purposed defi nitions. Diab Care 2003;26:575.
 
5.
National diabetes fact sheet. General information and national estimates on diabetes in the United States. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta 2005.
 
6.
Nowakowski A. Epidemiologia cukrzycy. Diabetologia Praktyczna 2002;3(4):181-185.
 
7.
GUS. Stan zdrowia ludności Polski w 2004 roku. Opracowanie statystyczne. Głowny Urząd Statystyczny. Warszawa 2006;16-17:23-26:57- 66.
 
8.
Picon PX, Zanatta CM, Gerchman F, Zelmanovitz T, Gross JL, Canani LH. Analysis of the criteria used for the defi nition of metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2006;50(2):264-270.
 
9.
Cull CA, Jensen CC, Retnakaran R, Holman RR. Impact of the metabolic syndrome on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. UKPDS study 78. Circulation 2007;116:2119-2126.
 
10.
Zdrojewski T, Bandosz P, Szpakowski P, Konarski R, Manikowski A, Wołkiewicz E et al. Rozpowszechnienie głownych czynnikow ryzyka chorob układu sercowo-naczyniowego w Polsce. Wyniki badania NATPOL PLUS. Kardiol Pol 2004; 61(supl.IV):IV1-IV26.
 
11.
Lidfeldt J, Nerbrand C, Samsioe G, Agardh CD. Women living alone have an increased risk to develop diabetes, which is explained by lifestyle factors. Diab Care. 2005; 28(10):2531-2536.
 
12.
Armour TA, Norris SL, Jack L Jr, Zhang X, Fisher L. Th e eff ectivness of family interventions in people with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Diabet Med 2005;22:1295.
 
13.
Chodosh J, Morton S, Mojica W, Magline M, Suttorp M, Hilon L et al. Meta-analysis: chronic disease self-management programs for older adults. Ann Intern Med. 2005; 143:427.
 
14.
Masulli M, Riccardi G, Galasso R, Vaccaro O. Relationship between smoking habits and the features of the metabolic syndrome in a nondiabetic population. Nutr Metab Cardivasc Dis. 2006;16(5):364-370.
 
15.
Foy CG, Bell RA, Farmer DF, Goff DC Jr. Wagenknecht LE. Smoking and incidence of diabetes among US adults. Diab Care 2005;28:2501.
 
16.
Haff ner SM, Ruilope L, Dahlof B, Abadie E, Kupfer S, Zannad F. Metabolic syndrome, new onset diabetes, and new end points in cardiovascular trials. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2006;7(3):469-475.
 
eISSN:2084-4905
ISSN:2083-4543
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top