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PRACA PRZEGLĄDOWA
Porównanie zdolności różnicowania osteogennego między mezenchymalnymi komórkami macierzystymi ze szpiku kostnego a mezenchymalnymi komórkami macierzystymi z tkanki tłuszczowej
 
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Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
 
 
Autor do korespondencji
Paulina Kazimierczak   

Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
 
 
Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2018;24(2):101-106
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Istotnym problemem klinicznym jest szybka rekonstrukcja dużych wad kostnych spowodowanych przez uraz, wycięcie guza, infekcje lub anomalię szkieletu. Autoprzeszczepy oraz alloprzeszczepy to jedne z najbardziej znanych podejść do odbudowy kości, posiadają jednak wiele ograniczeń. Inżynieria tkanki kostnej została uznana za alternatywne rozwiązanie dla odbudowy kości w przypadku, kiedy nie jest możliwe zastosowanie wszczepów naturalnych. Podstawowy model inżynierii tkankowej kości składa się z trzech elementów: rusztowania, czynników wzrostu oraz komórek macierzystych lub prekursorowych. Rola tych komórek polega na różnicowaniu ich w osteoblasty oraz tworzeniu macierzy pozakomórkowej kości. Mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste (MSCs) posiadają wymienione cechy, które czynią je obiecującym narzędziem do wspomagania odbudowy kości. MSCs są obecne w wielu tkankach, m.in. w szpiku kostnym i tkance tłuszczowej. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiamy podobieństwa i różnice pomiędzy mezenchymalnymi komórkami macierzystymi pochodzącymi ze szpiku kostnego (BMDSCs) a mezenchymalnymi komórkami macierzystymi pochodzącymi z tkanki tłuszczowej (ADSCs). Ponadto prezentujemy porównanie potencjału osteogennego tych komórek na podstawie dostępnego piśmiennictwa. Otrzymane zestawienie wykazało, że zarówno BMDSCs, jak i ADSCs posiadają zdolność osteogenną w warunkach in vitro oraz in vivo. Jednakże większość badań in vitro wskazała słabszy potencjał osteogenny ADSCs w porównaniu do BMDSCs. W przeciwieństwie do tego, badania in vivo ujawniły w środowisku naukowym więcej rozbieżnych opinii w tej kwestii. Mianowicie w niektórych pracach badawczych uznano komórki ADSCs za obiecującą alternatywę dla komórek BMDSCs stosowanych dotychczas w inżynierii tkankowej kości.

An important clinical problem is the fast restoration of large bone defects caused by trauma, tumour resection, infections, or skeletal anomaly. Autografts and allografts are commonly known approaches to bone repair, however, they have a lot of limitations. Bone tissue engineering has been considered as the alternative solution to bone rebuilding when natural grafts cannot be used. The primary model of bone tissue engineering comprises three elements: scaffold, growth factors, and stem or progenitor cells. The role of cells is to differentiate into osteoblasts and to form a bone extracellular matrix. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the mentioned features which make them a promising tool in supporting bone restoration process. MSCs are present in multiple tissues, including bone marrow and adipose tissue. This study presents the similarities and differences between bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDSCs) and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). The study also compares the osteogenic potential of these cells, based on available literature. The presented comparison showed that both BMDSCs and ADSCs possess osteogenic ability under in vitro and in vivo conditions. However, most of the in vitro research confirmed the inferior osteogenic potential of ADSCs, compared to BMDSCs. Contrariwise, the in vivo studies revealed more controversies on this point in the scientific community; namely, some research studies considered the ADSCs as the promising alternative for BMDSCs which have been successfully used to-date for bone tissue engineering applications
 
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